Boseeinsteincondensation letn n c v l3 c g 32z ebe 0n l 3 c 2. Ios press ebooks boseeinstein condensation in atomic gases. Wieman led a team of physicists that created a nearly pure condensate by cooling a vapor of rubidium atoms to a temperature of. Grosspitaevskii equation in boseeinstein condensates. Numerical solution of the grosspitaevskii equation for bose. A good reference is the book bose einstein condensation in dilute gases by pethick and smith. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity international. Written by world renowned experts in the field, this book gives a comprehensive overview of exciting developments in boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity from a.
Nevertheless, such a mathematical model provides the simplest example for the realization of bose einstein condensation. He has developed in a systematic way the sum rule approach to the collective behavior of interacting systems. Theory of ultracold atomic fermi gases stefano giorgini, lev p. The discovery of bose einstein condensation mathematical description of bose einstein condensates experimental results bose einstein condensation lukassebeke university of stuttgart 041620, hauptseminarvortrag 5. By continuing to use pastebin, you agree to our use of cookies as described in the cookies policy. Wieman 1995 produced the rst gaseous condensate nobel price of physics 2001 about boseeinstein condensation bec history of bec 4 28 c stefan kienzle. In this paper, we motivate the derivation of the gpe in relationship to concepts. Boseeinstein condensation remains, however, fundamental to the superfluid properties of helium4.
Universal themes of boseeinstein condensation edited by. Derivation of the grosspitaevskii equation for the. Bose einstein condensate is a rare state or phase of matter in which a large percentage of bosons collapse into their lowest quantum state, allowing quantum effects to be observed on a macroscopic scale. Theory of boseeinstein condensation in trapped gases physical. Drag force and superfluidity in the supersolid stripe phase of a spin. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity cern document. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Stringari pdf, epub ebook d0wnl0ad this book is an introductory text to the physics of bose einstein condensation. Ultracold atomic gases is a rapidly developing area of physics that attracts many young researchers around the world. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity hardcover. The condensate is actually a new state of matter, where quantummechanical wave functions of. This phenomenon, first predicted by einstein in 1925 has been.
Written by world renowned experts in the field, this book gives a comprehensive overview of exciting developments in boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity from a theoretical perspective. S giorgini, l pitaevskii and s stringari 1996 condensate frac. Wieman 1995 produced the rst gaseous condensate nobel price of physics 2001 about boseeinstein condensation bec history of bec 4 28 c. Boseeinstein condensates of excitonpolaritons have been stabilized in a range of crystalline systems. Although first proposed by einstein in 1924, bose einstein condensation bec in a gas was not achieved until 1995 when, using a combination of laser cooling and trapping, and magnetic trapping and evaporation, it was first observed in rubidium and then in lithium and sodium, cooled down to extremely low temperatures. The aim of the infmcnr research and development center on boseeinstein condensation bec is to promote theoretical research on the various phenomena related to boseeinstein condensation and to the physics of cold atomic gases in traps. Starting from the simplest case with onecomponent bec of the weakly interacting bosons, we. Theory of bose einstein condensation in trapped gases.
Lecture 2 the physics of bose einstein condensation. Cambridge core condensed matter physics, nanoscience and mesoscopic physics universal themes of bose einstein condensation edited by nick p. Jan 19, 2010 bose einstein condensation of polaritons has been demonstrated from the longrange coherence of the emitted light, and the superfluidity properties of these nonequilibrium polariton gases are presently attracting a strong interest in both the experimental and the conceptual points of view. This book is an introductory text to the physics of bose einstein condensation. Critical readings and discussions with them in the journal club deepened my understanding of the phenomenon of the boseeinstein condensation and made me con. A bose einstein condensate bec is a state of matter also called the fifth state of matter which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero 273. The ability to achieve condensation by sympathetic cooling with a different species may provide a route to the production.
Bose einstein condensation and superfluidity international series of monographs on physics series by lev pitaevskii. Meanfield theory provides a framework to understand the main features of the. The discovery of boseeinstein condensation mathematical description of bose einstein condensates experimental results boseeinstein condensation lukassebeke university of stuttgart. The early experiments on bose einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases accomplished three longstanding goals. We study the numerical solution of the timedependent grosspitaevskii equation gpe describing a boseeinstein condensate bec at zero or very low temperature. Bose einstein condensation definition of bose einstein. Ground states and dynamical properties of a dipolar bose einstein condensate are analyzed based on the gross pitaevskii poisson system gpps and its dimension reduction models under an anisotropic confining potential.
Pdf theory of boseeinstein condensation in trapped gases. This phenomenon, first predicted by einstein in 1925 has been realized experimentally in 1995 in a remarkable series of experiments whose importance has been recognized by the award of the 2001 nobel prize in physics. Sandro stringari is an italian theoretical physicist, who has contributed to the theory of quantum manybody physics, including atomic nuclei, quantum liquids and ultracold atomic bose and fermi gases. Superfluid helium4 is a liquid rather than a gas, which means that the interactions between the atoms are relatively strong. Meanfield theory provides a framework to understand the main features of the condensation and the role of interactions between particles. But pitaevskii and stringaris book places less emphasis on what one might call the atomic physics aspects of dilute alkali gases. In two dimensions these solutions to the nlse appear as a line or plane of depressed condensate density or light intensity, but numerical solu. Bose 1924 quantum statistical treatment of photons i a.
This is the first book devoted to boseeinstein condensation bec as an interdisciplinary subject, covering atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, low temperature physics and astrophysics. Conclusions i below a critical temperature t c bose einstein condensation takes place. Boseeinstein condensation and boseeinstein condensation in dilute gases both cover the basic theory at the level of the grosspitaevskii and bogoliubovde gennes equations. Stringari, bose einstein condensation, clarendon press, oxford, 2003. Written by world renowned experts in the field, this book gives a comprehensive overview of exciting. Boseeinstein condensation by pitaevskii and coauthor sandro stringari, who is another major contributor to the recent theoretical literature, reflects the brief history just sketched. Bose einstein condensation of an ideal gas an ideal gas consisting of noninteracting bose particles is a. Cambridge core condensed matter physics, nanoscience and mesoscopic physics universal themes of boseeinstein condensation edited by nick p. Bose einstein condensates portant, since bec in lower dimensions is not as simple as in 3d. Hiroaki enomoto belonging to professors ohba and nakazatos group. To put these investigations on a quantitative level. Written by world renowned experts in the field, this book gives a comprehensive overview of exciting developments in bose einstein condensation and superfluidity from a theoretical perspective. Boseeinstein condensation is a phase transition in which a macroscopic number of.
Feb 14, 2005 boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity key concepts in low temperature physics. It makes special reference to the physics of ultracold atomic gases. Einstein 192425 extended bose s idea to material particles predicted bec in an ideal quantum gas i w. First, cooling of neutral atoms into their motional ground state, thus. Einstein 192425 extended boses idea to material particles predicted bec in an ideal quantum gas i w. Bose einstein condensation at finite temperature 3 for repulsive atomic interactions, this reduction usually leads to a mean eld law. Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which point microscopic quantum phenomena, particularly wavefunction interference. Boseeinstein condensation in quantum gases, represents a winnertakesall phenomenon for networks, the. Stringari boseeinstein condensation, oxford university press 2003 systematically employed. In the standard literature the gpe is usually obtained in the framework of the second quantization formalism, which in many cases goes beyond the material covered in many advanced undergraduate courses. In preparation for the numerics we scale the 3d grosspitaevskii equation and obtain a fourparameter model.
Bose einstein condensation definition, a phase of matter in which all bosons in a given physical system have been cooled to a temperature near absolute zero and enter the same quantum state. This book is an introductory text to the physics of boseeinstein condensation. Boseeinstein condensation represents a new state of matter and is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics, resulting in the 2001 nobel prize. Stringari this book is an introductory text to the physics of bose einstein condensation. Gross pitaevskii equation for the order parameter and beyond cnrinfm. We consider the case of spinless bosons so there is no spin factor in the density of states of section 4. Gross pitaevskii equation in boseeinstein condensates. We use cookies for various purposes including analytics.
Only 50% of pairs are bose einstein condensed at zero temperature strongly interacting gas. Lev pitaevskii and sandro stringari, oxford university press, oxford, 2003. It is an excellent text, a broad survey with some indepth discussions an excellent text such as this is needed in these exciting times. Sandro stringari university of trento introduction to boseeinstein condensation cnrinfm. The gross pitaevskii equation gpe is discussed at the level of an advanced course on statistical physics. Shock waves in quasi onedimensional boseeinstein condensate. The remainder is devoted specifically to the dilute alkali gases. Boseeinstein condensation is an exotic quantum phenomenon. The book is an introductory text to the physics of boseeinstein condensation. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity oxford scholarship. Bose einstein condensation bec is a phenomenon that occurs in a macroscopic system of bosons particles obeying bose einstein statistics at low temperatures.
Stringari bose einstein condensation international series of monographs on physics by l. Bose einstein condensation represents a new state of matter and is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics, resulting in the 2001 nobel prize. Ketterle nobel lecture 2001 and his talk given at mits teachers program 240603. Boseeinstein condensation in dilute bose gases, cambridge university press 2002 l. Bose einstein condensation by stringari and pitaevskii. This is the first book devoted to bose einstein condensation bec as an interdisciplinary subject, covering atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, low temperature physics and astrophysics. I a mean eld approach leads to the gross pitaevskii equation. We study analytically and numerically the generation of shock waves in a quasionedimensional boseeinstein condensate bec made of dilute and ultracold alkalimetal atoms. Providing a useful introduction to one of the most exciting field of physics today, this text will be of interest. He has developed in a systematic way the sum rule approach to. The sudden collapse of bosons into the groundstate at temperatures below the bose temperature is known as bose einstein condensation. Sandro stringari university of trento 1 introduction to bose einstein condensation 3. Universal themes of boseeinstein condensation edited by nick.
Mar 14, 2002 the early experiments on boseeinstein condensation in dilute atomic gases accomplished three longstanding goals. This phenomenon, first predicted by einstein in 1925, has been realized experimentally in 1995 in a remarkable series of experiments whose importance has been recognized by the award of the 2001 nobel prize in physics. Lev pitaevskii, senior researcher, university of trento,sandro stringari, professor of theoretical physics, university of trento lev p. Some of the assumptions of the gross pitaevskii equation gpe are. Now, polaritons are shown to condense at room temperature using a microcavity within an. Boseeinstein condensation in dilute gases will be useful to newcomers to the field and will help researchers with diverse backgrounds communicate with each other. This volume introduces the basic concepts of boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity. The ability to achieve condensation by sympathetic cooling with a different species may provide a route to the. Boseeinstein condensation of potassium atoms by sympathetic. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity oxford. The phase diagram of a spinorbitcoupled twocomponent bose gas. Pitaevskii is a researcher at the cnr trento research center on bose einstein condensation and at the kapitza institute for physical problems in moscow. The mapping to a bose gas and the possibility of boseeinstein condensation in random networks predict the. Series of monographs on physics oxford university press 2003.
To observe pure condensation effects with other effects such as liquefaction, the atoms has to be well apart from each other. Stringari boseeinstein condensation, oxford university press 2003. We discuss the blochstate solutions of the stationary gross pitaevskii equation and of the bogoliubov equations for a bose einstein condensate in the presence of. Bose einstein condensates of excitonpolaritons have been stabilized in a range of crystalline systems. Boseeinstein condensation in this section we discuss the thermodynamic properties of the ideal bose gas.
In a fermi gas, bose einstein condensation of pairs was measured by ramping the scattering length to the bec side and detecting the resulting bimodal distribution condensation of pairs measured at unitarity 1a0 as a function of temperature. I a mean eld approach leads to the gross pitaevskii equation which has to be ful lled by the singleparticle wave functions in order to minimize the total energy in the system. Boseeinstein condensation and superfluidity paperback. Citeseerx citation query boseeinstein condensation. Bose einstein condensates of dilute gases offer a rich field to study fundamental quantummechanical processes, manipulation of the speed at which light propogates, observation of atomic pair. Various theoretical approaches to describing the physics of interacting bosons and of interacting fermi gases, giving rise to. Recent major progress in atomic quantum gases main object of the present course 2bec can be defined at equilibrium superfluidity mainly related to transport phenomena natural link between bec and superfluidity provided by order parameter. Roomtemperature boseeinstein condensation of cavity exciton. Bose einstein condensation international series of monographs on physics by l. A new state of matter 9 experimental techniques for bec the conditions required to achieve bose einstein condensation in gaseous medium poses various technical challenges.
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