For this science project you will need to develop your own experimental procedure. Watch how ozone concentrations in the stratosphere have changed from 1979 through 2018. Ozone hole definition is an area of the ozone layer as near the south pole that is seasonally depleted of ozone. A close look at the evolution at the life on earth reveals that initially the. Ozone holes are first discovered in antarctica in 1970. Most ozone can be found in the upper layer of the earths atmosphere, called the stratosphere, which starts between about 6 and 8 miles and continues to around 30 miles. After thinning at alarming rates in the 1980s and 90s, the ozone layer over antarctica is starting to recover. Nox also contributes to the formation of particle pollution. What is an ozone hole and causes and effects of ozone. Ozone is a minor constituent of the stratosphere 110 ppm. Mar 28, 2020 ozone depletion biology projects, biology science fair project ideas, biology topics for cbse school,icse biology experiments for kids and also for middle school, elementary school for class 5th grade,6th,7th,8th,9th 10th,11th, 12th grade and high school, msc and college students. Nov 03, 2017 the huge hole in earths protective ozone layer reached its maximum this year in september, and this year nasa said it was 7.
Values below 220 du represent anthropogenic ozone losses over antarctica. The arctic the arctic stratosphere in winterspring 2011 was particularly cold, which led to large ozone depletion as expected under these. Overall, the 2014 ozone hole is smaller than the large holes of the 19982006 period, and is comparable to 2010, 2012, and 20. Get the latest updates on nasa missions, watch nasa tv live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming results, case studies and lessons learned from. Sep 12, 2019 the ozone hole area is determined from total ozone satellite measurements. The regional transport of ozone 1998 pdf, 4 pp, 249 kb epa brochure describing a rule known as the nox sip call, designed to reduce regional emissions of ozonecontributing nitrogen oxides during the summertime ozone season. Pdf depletion of the ozone layer and its consequences. May, 2020 view the latest status of the ozone layer over the antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole.
Ozone layer research and technical resources us epa. Ozone depletion and climate change environment canada. Instead, the ozone is both horizontally and vertically displaced by the dynamics of the atmosphere. Ozone depletion biology science fair project ideas. The term ozone hole is applied when the depletion level is below 200 dobson unit d. If you would like to discuss your ideas or need help troubleshooting, use the ask an expert forum. A recordsized hole has opened in the ozone layer over the arctic. Nearly 90% of earths ozone is in the stratosphere and referred to as the ozone layer.
The signs of antarctic ozone hole recovery scientific. Our experts wont do the work for you, but they will make suggestions and offer guidance if you. The central hatchurcd area represents the antarctic ozone hole, as mapped by the total ozone mapping spectrometer aboard the nimbus7 sarcllite, the lowest ozone concentration in this 15 september map is about 150 dnbaon umits. Ozone layer depletion is one of the most serious problems faced by our planet earth. Ozone hole over antarctica shrinks to smallest peak since. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see colored bars and scale. The miniholes are usually associated with weather systems and the jet stream, and occur from late autumn to early spring. In 1995, the two chemists shared the nobel prize for chemistry with paul crutzen, a dutch chemist who demonstrated that chemical compounds of nitrogen oxides accelerate the destruction of stratospheric ozone. Pdf on jan 1, 2001, md safiuddin and others published global ozone depletion. Ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. The ozone hole is defined geographically as the area wherein the total ozone amount is less than 220 dobson units. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions. Ozone depletion biology projects, biology science fair project ideas, biology topics for cbse school,icse biology experiments for kids and also for middle school, elementary school for class 5th grade,6th,7th,8th,9th 10th,11th, 12th grade and high school, msc and college students. Ozone is also formed during thunderstorms, in water falls and allthough this is a less natural process in photochemical smog which.
The ozone layer is found in the lower portion of the earths atmosphere. Assessment for decisionmakers wmo global ozone research and monitoring project report no. To the point where a seasonal hole in the ozone layer began to appear above the antarctic. Ozone layer depletion causes, effects and solutions 7.
In january 2018, a nasa study found that the ozone hole was the smallest it had been since 1988, the year before the montreal protocol went into effect. Ozone o 3 is a stratospheric layer that plays important role in providing support to humans for their survival. This years anomaly is the result of a combination of unusually low arctic temperatures, sunlight, wind fields and human emissions of ozone depleting substances like chlorofluorocarbons cfc. The signs of antarctic ozone hole recovery scientific reports. Protecting the ozone layer department of the environment. In the measurements made in recent times significant reductions in ozone concentrations in the layer, with special. The thinning is most pronounced in the polar regions, especially over antarctica. Ozone close to the earth is harmful as it is a major component of smog and affects the function of the. The hole appears in the winter over the poles, especially the south. Soon after the discovery of the antarctic ozone hole, countries not only ratified the montreal protocol, but the multilateral fund mlf. With the discovery of the ozone hole over antarctica in the mid 1980s, the world was alerted to the potentially disastrous consequences of continuing to allow the uncontrolled release of ozone depleting substances into the atmosphere. An analysis of the data up to 1985 vertical line first discovered the ozone hole.
Pdf there are many situations where human activities have significant effects on. Depletion of stratospheric ozone o3, as commonly known as the hole in the ozone layer, is an issue of international concern. Marusek 24 february 2005 introduction the earth is surrounded by a thin layer of ozone in the middle atmosphere stratosphere about 25 kilometers above the earths surface. Mar 21, 2020 ozone depletion, gradual thinning of earth s ozone layer in the upper atmosphere caused by the release of chemical compounds containing gaseous chlorine or bromine from industry and other human activities. Ozone is a molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms o3, with a delta negative and a delta positive electric charge. The ozone hole is the large purple and blue area in the 2008 image. This timeline highlights the average area of the ozone hole between september 7th and october th as observed by nasa spacedbased instruments see. Within the stratosphere, the ozone layer is the portion that contains the highest. The ozone molecule is very unstable and has a short halflife. National aeronautics and space administration nasa ozone hole watch. Global ozone research and monitoring projectreport no.
Ozone is a molecule that consists of three negatively charged oxygen atoms. View the latest status of the ozone layer over the antarctic, with a focus on the ozone hole. Ozone depletion publications, references and resources. The third body m absorbs the excess energy liberated by the above reaction and there by stabilise the o 3 ozone molecule. It is defined to be that region of ozone values below 220 dobson units du located south of 40s. How the ozone hole forms the ozone hole is not really a hole but a thinning of the ozone layer over the south polar region. Important only paranoid survive pdf connections between ozone depletion and climate change. Measurements from satellitebased instruments show that this area of very low ozone concentration has developed over antarctica every year since about 1975. Ozone hole is both environmental success story and global. Aug 01, 2016 the term ozone depletion means more than just the natural destruction of ozone damage in the ozone layer will naturally mean the entry of harmful rays in to the atmosphere.
The ozone layer is a region in the earths stratosphere that contains high concentrations of ozone and protects the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. Ozone and your health pdf, 2 pp, 449 kb this short, colorful pamphlet tells who is at risk from exposure to ozone, what health effects are caused by ozone, and simple measures that can be taken to reduce health risk. Use the information in the summary tab as a starting place. Satellite instruments monitor the ozone layer, and we use their data to create the images that depict the amount of ozone. The most commonly known example is the ozone layer, in which ozone is produced by ultra violet rays uv, which derive from the sun.
Ozone gas is perceptibly blue in colour and has a characteristic pungent smell. Ozone layer depletion cause, effects, and solutions. Ozone hole definition of ozone hole by merriamwebster. Through that agreement and its subsequent amendments and adjustments, many nations of the world have carried out policies to.
Apr 14, 2017 the ozone hole is an area where the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere is much lower than normal. Therefore, it will decay after some time into its original form. With the discovery of the ozone hole over antarctica in the mid 1980s, the world was alerted to the potentially disastrous consequences of continuing to allow the uncontrolled release of ozonedepleting substances into the atmosphere. It is an essential factor for many global, biological and environmental phenomena. The ozone hole area is determined from total ozone satellite measurements. Protecting the ozone layer and reducing global warming. The origin of the ozone hole natural or anthropological james a. The layer of ozone gas is what which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. The ozone hole is an area where the amount of ozone in the upper atmosphere is much lower than normal. Most ozone is found in the stratosphere upper part of the atmosphere, more than 10 to 16 kms from the surface of the earth. This series of satellite images shows the ozone hole on the day of its maximum depth each year from 1979 through 2019. Ozone concentrations over antarctica in october 1979 and october 2008. Demonstration project using hfc32 technology in the 22. The ozone hole is a major thinning of the ozone layer in earths atmosphere.
This years anomaly is the result of a combination of unusually low arctic temperatures, sunlight, wind fields and human emissions of ozonedepleting substances like chlorofluorocarbons cfc. Assessment for decisionmakers earth system research laboratory. Or decrease in stratospheric ozone around earths polar region this phenomena is referred as ozone hole. Ozone in the stratospherea layer of the atmosphere between 15 and 50. The antarctic ozone hole is recovering, while continuing to occur every year. Few years ago ozone holes are also discovered in arctic region.
Evidence of ozone depletion in the stratosphere began to appear in the 1980s. The antarctic ozone hole continues to occur each spring, as expected for the current ods abundances. The antarctic ozone hole reached its annual peak size on sept. The antarctic ozone hole ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms. Natural cycle of ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The work of many scientists throughout the world has provided a basis for building a broad and solid scientific under. Ozone is naturally produced through certain types of chemical reactions. At the end of 20, 258 projects have been committed for an. It is also one of the prime reasons which are leading to global warming. Ozone hole ozone hole is created in the region where ozone layer has been depleted.
The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole. Nasa provides daily images, data, and information from satellite instruments that monitor the ozone layer and the ozone hole ozone holea thinning break in the stratospheric ozone layer. Project report on ozone depletion environmental pollution. Ozone is formed by photochemical reaction, followed by three body reaction. Our experts wont do the work for you, but they will make suggestions and offer guidance if you come to them with specific questions. In a mini hole, ozone is not destroyed as it is in the antarctic ozone hole. The ozone hole has steadily grown in size up to 27 million sq. Causes of ozone layer depletion and its effects on human. Ozone hole is the area of the earths atmosphere where abnormal reductions of ozone occur, it is an annual phenomenon observed during the spring in the polar regions and is usually followed by a recovery during the summer. In the early 1980s, scientists began to realize that cfcs were creating a thin spota holein the ozone layer over antarctica every spring. The natural distribution of ozone around the earth is. Designation of amount of such depletion as an ozone hole is made when the detected. The largest singleday ozone hole ever recorded by satellite was 29.
Ozone depletion consists of two related events observed since the late 1970s. Typical values outside the hole arealx,ut 300 mbson units. Ozone is created in the stratosphere when uv radiation from the sun strikes molecules of oxygen o2 and causes the two oxygen atoms to split apart. The huge hole in earths protective ozone layer reached its maximum this year in september, and this year nasa said it was 7. The richness of the ozone layer that makes the hole so significant and the science behind the hole is far less popular.
The term ozone depletion means more than just the natural destruction of ozone damage in the ozone layer will naturally mean the entry of harmful rays in to the atmosphere. Both analyses show trends statistically significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence interval at 350550 k 1222 km, i. The ozone molecule is very unstable and has a short halflive, causing it to fall back into its original form after a while, according to the following reaction mechanism. Presentation on ozone depletion linkedin slideshare. National aeronautics and the ozone hole space administratio n. Click any map image to bring up a new page with a highresolution image. Tthe ozone hole and global he ozone hole and global global. It has the potential to absorb around 9799% of the harmful ultraviolet radiations coming. Every year, since at least 1978, there is a sudden, rapid decrease in the stratospheric ozone levels at the end of the antarctic winter. It covers the entire planet and protects life on earth by absorbing harmful ultravioletb uvb radiation from the sun. An international agreement known as the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was reached in 1987. A thinning of the ozone layer also has been observed over other regions of the globe, such as the arctic and northern and southern midlatitudes. Ozone absorbs a band of ultraviolet radiation called uvb. Ozone is a colourless gas which is found in the stratosphere of our upper atmosphere.
1337 1318 1051 262 827 214 380 1115 433 510 1207 300 78 1514 1320 1291 1121 1160 903 1018 1326 629 1207 1339 1307 812 972 63 1450 79 399 358